The speed and torque of servo motors

The speed and torque of servo motors are two key performance parameters that play an important role in the operation of the motor. In order to better understand these two parameters, we will provide detailed explanations from three aspects: definition, influencing factors, and practical application cases.

Definition of speed and torque
Speed: Refers to the number of revolutions per minute (rpm) or revolutions per second (rps) that a motor rotates per unit of time. In servo motors, the speed can be adjusted by changing the input voltage, current, or pulse frequency to achieve precise speed control.
Torque: refers to the torque generated by a motor in rotational motion, measured in Newton meters (Nm). The torque determines the size and speed of the load that the motor can drive. The torque of servo motors is usually small, but they have fast response speed and high stability, and can maintain a constant torque output over a wide speed range.

Factors affecting speed and torque
Factors affecting rotational speed:
1. Pole number: The more poles a motor has, the lower its speed, but the greater its torque. This is because the number of poles determines the magnetic field distribution of the motor, which in turn affects the speed and torque of the motor.
2. Power frequency: The higher the power frequency, the faster the motor speed. This is because the power frequency determines the rotational speed of the motor's magnetic field, thereby affecting the motor's speed.
3. Motor design: Parameters such as the length of the iron core and the number of coil turns in motor design can also affect the speed of the motor. Generally speaking, the longer the length of the iron core and the more turns of the coil, the lower the speed of the motor.
4. Load situation: The size and nature of the load can also affect the speed of the motor. When the load increases, the speed of the motor will correspondingly decrease.

Factors affecting torque:
1. Current: The greater the current, the greater the torque of the motor. This is because the current determines the strength of the magnetic field inside the motor, thereby affecting the torque of the motor.
2. Magnetic flux: The higher the magnetic flux, the greater the torque of the motor. The magnetic flux is related to factors such as the air gap length and coil turns of the motor.
3. Air gap length: The shorter the air gap length, the greater the torque of the motor. The length of the air gap refers to the distance between the internal magnetic field of the motor and the rotor. Changes in the length of the air gap can affect the distribution and strength of the magnetic field, thereby affecting the torque of the motor.
4. Load situation: The size and nature of the load can also affect the torque of the motor. As the load increases, the torque of the motor will correspondingly increase.