Do I need an OOC adapter board for my 10W laser?

Usually these laser modules have power, ground and a pwm signal for power control. If it has three, it’s likely a normal module.
If you can find the supply watts, I think it’s 20W@24V, but you need to check for yourself. The 10W output isn’t useful here.
If you motherboard can handle the additional wattage required to support the new head, then it should be fine.
Normally these boards just route the high current needed for the laser directly to the laser itself. This relieves current demands on the power traces of the motherboard.

No. The Aufero Laser 2 is a 24V system and should work as expected with the LU2 laser module. Confirm this by checking the input voltage of the controller on the laser. It should be written on the front panel where you plug-in the power. The power adapter should also be a 24V unit.
The adapter board you’re referring to is likely designed for 12V native systems that are unable to power the laser module so an external power supply is required in those cases.

thank you