Laser processing methods for perovskite solar cells and modules

Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite type organic metal halide semiconductors as absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also known as new concept solar cells.

operational principle
Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite type organic metal halide semiconductors as absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also known as new concept solar cells.

When exposed to sunlight, the perovskite layer first absorbs photons to produce electron hole pairs. Due to the difference in exciton binding energy in perovskite materials, these carriers either become free carriers or form excitons. Moreover, because these perovskite materials often have lower carrier recombination probabilities and higher carrier mobility, the diffusion distance and lifetime of carriers are longer.

Then, these uncomplicated electrons and holes are collected by the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, respectively, that is, electrons are transferred from the perovskite layer to the isoelectronic transport layer, and finally collected by FTO; Holes are transported from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer, and finally collected by the metal electrode. Of course, these processes are inevitably accompanied by some loss of charge carriers, such as the reversible recombination of electrons in the electron transport layer with holes in the perovskite layer, the recombination of electrons in the electron transport layer with holes in the hole transport layer (in the case of non dense perovskite layers), and the recombination of electrons in the perovskite layer with holes in the hole transport layer. To improve the overall performance of the battery, the loss of these carriers should be minimized.

Finally, a photoelectric current is generated by connecting the circuit between the FTO and the metal electrode.

The laser processing methods for perovskite solar cells and modules are as follows:

1. Preparation of perovskite thin films: In order to ensure the stability and related performance of the battery, laser technology is used to cut and finely process perovskite thin films, achieving precise size and shape control of the films.

2. Electrode preparation: In order to improve the conductivity of the electrode and increase the efficiency of the battery, laser can be used to directly etch the electrode on conductive glass or other substrates.

3. Surface modification: Laser is used to micro process the surface of perovskite solar cells, which can increase light absorption and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.

4. Partial repair: During the production process, perovskite solar cells may produce some defects, which can be repaired locally by laser to improve the overall performance of the battery.

5. Series and parallel connection: Use laser to accurately etch the conductive layer to achieve series and parallel connection in battery components, ensuring uniform distribution of current.

6. Packaging process: In the battery packaging process, to ensure the tightness and stability of the packaging, laser cutting of packaging materials can be used.

Among all these processing steps, the advantage of laser processing lies in its high precision and non-contact, which can reduce material damage and improve production efficiency. However, it is important to control the energy and parameters when using laser processing to avoid excessive damage to the material. In addition, ensure that the processing is carried out under appropriate environmental conditions to prevent adverse effects on perovskite materials.